References & Links

• Alldredge, A. L. and L. P. Madin. 1982. Pelagic Tunicates: Unique Herbivores in the Marine Plankton. BioScience 32:655-663.
• Anderson, P. A. V., Q. Bone, G. O. Mackie, and C. L. Singla. 1979. Epithelial Conduction in Salps: II. The Role of Nervous and Non-Nervous Conduction System Interactions in the Control ofLocomotion. The Journal of Experimental Biology 80:241-250.
• Bone, Q., J. C. Braconnot, and K. P. Ryan. 1991. On the Pharyngeal Feeding Filter of the Salp Pegea confoederata (Tunicata: Thaliacea). Acta Zoologica 72:55-60.
• Caron, D. A., L. P. Madin, and J. J. Cole. 1989. Composition and degradation of salp fecal pellets: Implications for vertical flux in oceanic environments. Journal of Marine Research 47:829-850.
• Casareto, B. E. and T. Nemoto. 1986. Salps of the Southern Ocean (Australian Sector) during the 1983-84 summer, with special reference to the species Salpa thompsoni, Foxton 1961. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research. Special issue 40:221-239.
• Deevey, G. A. 1952. Quantity and composition of the zooplankton of Block Island Sound. Bull Bingham Oceanography Collection Yale University 1949:120-164.
• Delsuc, F., H. Brinkmann, D. Chourrout, and P. Hervé. 2006. Tunicates and not cephalochordates arethe closest living relatives of vertebrates. Nature 439:965-968.
• Frost, B. W. 1972. Effects of Size and Concentration of Food Particles on the Feeding Behavior of theMarine Planktonic Copepod Calanus pacificus. Limnology and Oceanography 17:805-815.
• Hamner, W. M., L. P. Madin, A. L. Alldredge, R. W. Gilmer, and P. P. Hamner. 1975. Underwater Observations of Gelatinous Zooplankton: Sampling Problems, Feeding Biology, and Behavior. Limnology and Oceanography 20:907-917.
• Harbison, G. R. and R. W. Gilmer. 1976. The feeding rates of the pelagic tunicate Pegeaconfoederata and two other salps. Limnology and Oceanography 21:517-528.
• Heron, A. C. 1975. Advantages of heart reversal in pelagic tunicates. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 55:959-963.
• Madin, L. P. 1974. Field observations on the feeding behavior of salps (Tunicata: Thaliacea). Marine Biology 25:143-147.
• Madin, L. P. and G. R. Harbison. 1978. Salps of the Genus Pegea Savigny 1816 (Tunicata: Thaliacea). Bulletin of Marine Science 28:335-344.
• Madin, L. P. and P. Kremer. 1995. Determination of the filter-feeding rates of salps (Tunicata, Thaliacea). ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil 52:583-595.
• Madin, L. P., P. Kremer, and S. Hacker. 1996. Distribution and vertical migration of salps (Tunicata, Thaliacea) near Bermuda. Journal of Plankton Research 18:747-755.
• Phillips, B., P. Kremer, and L. Madin. 2009. Defecation by Salpa thompsoni and its contribution to vertical flux in the Southern Ocean. Marine Biology 156:455-467.
• Ruppert, E. E., R. S. Fox, and R. D. Barnes. 2004. Invertebrate Zoology. 7 edition. Thomson Learning, Belmont.
• Schaeffer, B. 1987. Deuterostome Monophyly and Phylogeny. Pages 179-235 in M. Hecht, B.Wallace, and G. Prance, editors. Evolutionary Biology. Springer US.
• Soest, R. W. M. V. 1975. Zoogeography and speciation in the Salpidae (Tunicata, Thaliacea) Beaufortia 23.
• Sutherland, K. R. and L. P. Madin. 2010. Comparative jet wake structure and swimming performance of salps. The Journal of Experimental Biology 213:2967-2975.
• Thompson, H. 1948. Pelagic Tunicates of Australia. Commonwealth Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Australia, Melbourne.